Flatfish
Members of the flatfish family, sand dabs and flounders, have an evolutionary advantage over many colorfully decorated ocean neighbors in that they are able to adapt their body coloration to different environments. These aquatic chameleons have flattened bodies that are well-suited to life along the ocean floor in the shallower areas of the continental shelf that they inhabit. They also have remarkably sensitive color vision that registers the subtlest gradations on the sea bottom and in the sea life around them. Information about the coloration of the environment is carried through the nervous system to chromatophores, which are pigment-carrying skin cells. These chromatophores are able to accurately reproduce not only the colors but also the texture of the ocean floor. Each time that a sand dab or flounder finds itself in a new environment, the pattern on the body of the fish adapts to fit in with the color and texture around it.
1. It is NOT stated in the passage that sand dabs
A are a type of flatfish
B are in the same family as flounders
C have evolved
D are colorfully decorated
2. According to the passages, it is NOT true that sand dabs and flounders
A have flattened bodies
B live along the ocean floor
C live in the deepest part of the ocean
D live along the continental shelf
3. All of the following are stated about the vision of sand dabs and flounders EXCEPT that they are
A overly sensitive to light
B able to see colors
C able to see the sea bottom
D aware of their surroundings
4. It is NOT true that chromatophores
A are skin cells
B carry pigment
C adapt to surrounding colors
D change the ocean floor
5. It is NOT mentioned in the passage that sand dabs and flounders
A move to new environments
B adapt their behavior
C can change color
D adapt to textures around them
参
考答案：DCADB
Wrigley's Chewing Gum
1 Wrigley's chewing gum was actually developed as a premium to be given away with other products rather than as a primary product for sale. As a teenager, William Wrigley Jr. was working for his father in Chicago selling soap that had been manufactured in his cents, and this selling price did not leave a good profit margin for the merchants. Wrigley convinced his father to raise the price to ten cents and to give away cheap umbrellas as a premium for the merchants. This worked successfully, confirming to Wrigley that the use of premiums was an effective sales tool.
2 Wrigley then established his own company; in his company he was selling soap as a wholesaler, giving baking soda away as a premium, and using a cookbook to promote each deal. Over time, the baking soda and cookbook became more popular than the soap, so Wrigley began a new operation selling baking soda. He began hunting for a new premium item to give away with sales of baking soda; he soon decided on chewing gum. Once again, when Wrigley realized that demand for the premium was stronger than the demand for the original product, he created the Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company to produce and sell chewing gum.
3 Wrigley started out with two brands of gum, Vassar and Lotta Gum, and soon introduced Juicy Fruit and Spearment. The latter two brands grew in popularity, while the first two were phased out. Juicy Fruit and Spearment are two of Wrigley's main brands to this day.
11. It is NOT indicated in paragraph 1 that young William was working
A in Chicago
B for his father
C as a soap salesman
D in his father's factory
12. According to paragraph 1, it is NOT true that the soap that young Wrigley was selling
A was originally well-liked
B was originally priced at five cents
C originally provided little profit for merchants
D eventually became more popular with merchants
13. According to paragraph 2, it is NOT true that, when Wrigley first founded his own company, he was
A selling soap
B selling chewing gum
C giving away cookbooks
D using baking soda as a premium
14. It is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 that Wrigley later
A sold baking soda
B used chewing gun as a premium to sell baking soda
C sold chewing gum
D used baking soda as a premium to sell chewing gum
15. According to paragraph 3, the Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company did all of the following EXCEPT
A begin with two brands of gum
B add new brands to the original two
C phase out the last two brands
D phase out the first two brands
参考答案：DABDC
