.德.尚普在今天的魁北克建立了法国
4)The rivalry between the British and the French: ①the settlement of New Franch(the estern coastal area东海岸) and The English established larger and better settlements in their New England colonies and Virginia.②French lost Newfoundland,Hudson Bay, and Nova Scotia to England in 1713.③the whole of Canada came under the British rule, after the Seven Year’s war betwenn England and Franch from 1756-1763英法竞争：法国殖民地（东海岸地区），英国人在新英格兰和弗吉尼亚建立了更大更好的殖民地2.1713年法国人失去了纽芬兰，哈的逊大草原和新斯科舍，落到英国人手里。3）在7年的英法战争后1756-1763，整个加拿大属于英国统治，
5)Self-government and the foundation of the Confederation:①sir John Macdonald was the first prime minister.During his time, Canada expanded in territory to its present size.②Sir John Wilfrid Laurier was second prime minister, he also founded the Canadian Navy and tried to increase Canada’s control over its foreign relations.③Canada entered WW I, and won the right to sign the Peace Treaty of 1919 in its own name, and gained the membership of the League of Nation(国际联邦成员国) 。④Canada became an independent nation from a former dominion in 1931, by the Statute of Westminster.Since then Canada became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.⑤Newfoundland became Canada’s tenth province in 1949.自治与联邦：第一任总理约翰.麦克唐纳。在他任职期间，加拿扩张他的领土到现在的面积；2.第二任总理是约翰.威尔弗雷德.洛里埃，他创建了加拿大海军，并努力增强对外的控制权；3.加拿大参加了一战，获得了以本国国名签署的《1919和平条约》的权利，并在国际联盟中获得席位。4.1931年的《威斯敏斯特条例》正式宣布自治领。从此，加成为英联一员5.1949年纽芬兰成为加的第十个省。
6)Canada in WW I and WW II: Canada entered WW I, and won the right to sign the Peace Treaty in its own name, and gained the menbership of the League of Nation; During WW II ,Canada fought as an ally of Britain in WW II加拿大参加了一战，获得了以本国国名签署的《1919和平条约》的权利，并在国际联盟中获得席位。二战作为英国的同盟参与作战。
Chapter27.Australia(capital: Canberra) 堪培拉
1)Australia’s geographical features: ①an old continent of 3 billion years;②the flatest and lowest of all the continents with no high mountains.the highest point is Mount Kosciusko at 2,255 meters above sea level.地理特征：1.最古老的陆地，有3亿年的历史；2.最平坦、最低的陆地，没有高山。最高点是科修斯科山，海拔2255米
2)Australia’s geographical structure: the country is generally divided into three regions according to the shape of the surface land:the Great Western Plateau; the Eastern Highlands and the Central Eastern Lowlands.地理结构：通常分成3个地形区：西部大高原，东部高地和中东部低地。
3)Factors that affect Australia’s climate:two district features of climate—a hot continent and a dry continent.①39% of Australia lies in the tropics and most of the rest is close to it.②few mountains ③the dry,sunny,the high pressure cells that affect it most of the years also make th |
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