hat are the sense relations and what are the types of sense relations ?
答案: A word which is related to the other words is related to them in sense, so it is called sense semantic relations.
types of sense relations : polysemy, homonymy, synonymy, antonymy and hyponymy.(五种关系
的名词解释要记住)
问题:Fruit 与 apples bananas, pineapples, lychees 是什么语义关系?
答案:Hyponymy?
问题:Fruit 这一类里包含apples, bananas, pineapples, grapes 它们形成了一种什么样的理论?
答案: Semantic field
问题:有的时候在英语中存在着一种语言不共容的现象,那就是反义词的不共容的现象, 那么这种不能够相互溶合,这样的词在反义词当中被称作什么词。
比如说:dead , alive , 它们之间的反义关系是什么样的一种关系?
答案:Contradictory terms
它们之间形成的语义关系被称作antonymy
问题:Contradictory terms 有一个最大的特点是什么?
答案:Mutually exclusive and are non-gradable, They cannot be used in comparative degrees and do not allow adverbs of intensity like very to qualify them.
问题:反义词存在不存在一种包容现象?
答案:表明two poles, two extremes,的反义词,它们之间存在一种包容现象,这种包容现象被称作(Middle ground)
e.g. huge / tiny( 它们之间存在着big , small , quite big, quite small)
e.g. young / old
这类反义词被称为(Contrary terms)
问题:fast 这个词, 它表示紧的概念时, 它 和loose 是一组反义词,表示快的概念 时,它和slow 是一组反义词, 这样的 一种语义关系算什么样的语义关系?
答案: polysemy
问题:分析deer , dear 这两个词是什么样的词?
答案:Homophone
重点: homonyms 有哪三个类别的划分?
1) perfect homonyms
e.g. bank , bear
2) homographs
e.g. bow, sow
3) homophones
e.g dear, deer
right, write, rite
重点:Origins of Homonyms
1) Change in sound and spelling
2) Borrowing
3) Shortening
问题:shortening 可以表现在哪些分支结构构成上?
1) Acronymy 2) Homonymy 3) Narrowing 4) Idioms
重点问题:Homonymy 和 Polysemy 的区别?
( 未考过)
6.2.4 Rhetoric Features of Homonyms
e.g. Long time no sea. ( puns )
humor, sarcasm or ridicule
重点:名词解释 Synonyms
Types of Synonyms :
1) Absolute synonyms
2) Relative synonyms
重要简答题:Sources of Synonyms ( 四大来源, 配以例子说明就可以了)
1) Borrowing
2)Dialects and regional English
3) Figurative and euphemistic use of words
4) Coincidence with idiomatic expressions
重点:如何区分同义词?(Discrimination of Synonyms )
1) Difference in denotation
2) Difference in connotation
3) Difference in application
antonymy : 反义关系
要点:反义词的三种类别的划分:
What are the different types of antonyms?
三种类别的名词解释都要记:
1) Contradictory terms
exclusive
特例: they cannot be used in comparative degrees and do not allow adverbs of intensity like very to qualifythem.
e.g. single/ married (有可能放在分析里去论述)
2) contrary terms
关键词: two poles or extremes
middle ground
e.g. rich / poor (中间还可出现well-to-do)
3) Relative terms