英语词汇学考前串讲(二)
 
 第五章：Word Meaning

The meanings of‘Meaning’ 指的是哪三个层次的内容?

意义中的含义的三个层次的划分:

What are the meanings of ‘Meaning’?

1) Reference (有reference 的词必然具有sense, 也必然具有Concept )

2) Concept( 能够形成Concept 的词必然有reference )

3) Sense (有sense 的词未必具有concept , 也未必具有reference)

(Conjunction , prepositions, adverbs, 它们都是具有sense 的词,但是未必具有reference , 也未必具有concept, 例如：if, but, probably : 它们有sense, 但没有concept )

What is the relationship between the reference and the thing outside the language?（等同于：What is relationship between sound and form ）

答: Arbitrary and conventional

名词解释: reference

名词Concept : 1. Meaning and concept are closely connected but not identical .
They are both related directly to referents and are notions of the words but belong to different categories.

2. Concept, which is beyond language, is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind .

3. Concept is universal to all men alike regardless of culture, race, language and so on.

4. a concept can have as many referring expressions as there are languages in the world.

重点: sense 的名词解释：

Sense : 1. ‘ sense’ denotes the relationships inside the language. ‘ The sense of an expression is its place in a system of semantic relationships with other expressions in the language.’

2. Since the sense of an expression is not a thing, it is often difficult to say what sort of identity it is. It is also an abstraction.

*3. Every word that has meaning has sense (not every word has reference)

重点：What are the type of motivation？

1) Onomatopoeic motivation
2) Morphological Motivation
3) Semantic Motivation
4) Etymological Motivation

填空:

1.some of the words when edited with prefixes and suffixes, it will become another new word, either new in meaning or new in sense, this motivation is called ( morphological motivation )

2. Compounds are totally different in the meaning before it was carried out with different elements, so the meaning of a compound can not be deduced from component constituted this compound ,this motivation is called ( morphological motivation )

3. pen in old English , refers to the feather, but with the development of technology, fountain was invented , but the name of this material was kept up to this day, people still used the pen to refer to writting tool, this motivation is called (etymological motivation)

4. Conceptual meaning also know as (denotative meaning )

4.laconic answer (简短回答),
laconic 的形成是属于哪一种理据 (etymological motivation)

问题: pingpong ball , cuckoo 是靠哪一种理据形成的新词?

答案: Onomatopoeic Motivation

问题:at the foot of mountain, the mouth of river, 此时采用了哪一种理据构成?

答案: Semantic movtivation

论述题: 1. What are the types of motivation?

2. What are the type