?Hellenic,?Germanic.
In?the?western?Set,?Greek?is?the?modern?language?derived?from?Hellenic.
Celtic?：Scottish,?Irish,?Welsh,?Breton
The?five?Romance?languages,?namely?,Portuguese,?Spanish,?French,?
Italian?,?Roumanian?all?belong?to?the?Italic.
The?Germanic?family?consists?of?the?four?Northern?European?Languages:?
Norwegian?,Icelandic,?Danish?and?Swedish?,which?are?generally?known?as?
Scandinavian?languages.?Then?there?is?German,?Dutch?,Flemish?and?
English.
With?Vikings’ |
¯invasion,?many?Scandinavian?words?came?into?the?English?
language.?
It?is?estimated?that?at?least?900?words?of?Scandinavian?origin?have?
survived?in?modern?English.?
Old?English?has?a?vocabulary?of?about?50,000?to?60,000?words.?It?was?a?
highly?inflected?language?just?like?modern?German.?
重点句:?Modern?English?began?with?the?establishment?of?printing?in?
England?
古英语最大的模糊性的概念来自于?(scripts?)?
古英语正因为出现印刷术才打破了?(?early?scripts)?
Sound?and?form?真正达到统一是在什么时期？
.Sound?and?form?reached?their?concord?in?(?Modern?English?
period?)?
如果从词汇变化的角度而言，Modern?English?又可以细划分为?early?period?,?
modern?period.?
*现代英语早期阶段属于哪一种文化现象的发展时期?（重要的选择或填空内容）
Early?modern?English?appeared?in?the?Renaissance?
Modern?English?period?有什么样的外来语的进入？
The?Latin?words?swarmed?into?English?in?early?modern?English?period?
现代英语时期，英语词汇大量丰富还有另外一个原因是?(colonization)?
The?richness?of?Modern?English?in?vocabulary?also?arises?from?
(Colonization?)?
The?English?language?has?evolved?from?a?synthetic?language?to?the?
present?analytic?language?(?重要选择或填空内容)
Growth?of?Present-day?English?Vocabulary?
Three?main?sources?of?new?words?:?
1)The?rapid?development?of?modern?science?and?technology?
2)Social,?economic?and?political?changes;
3)The?influence?of?other?cultures?and?language
2.4?Modes?of?Vocabulary?Development?
1)creation?2)?semantic?change?3)?borrowing?
2)Semantic?change?（还包括外来词的Semantic?loans?）
Elevation,?degradation,?extension,?narrowing,?transfer
外来词可以被称作borrowed?words?,?因此又可以被称作?.
重点句：borrowed?words?are?also?known?as?loaned?words?.
恢复古英语的用词是美国英语的一大特色
Reviving?archaic?or?obsolete?words?also?contributes?to?the?growth?of?
English?vocabulary?though?quite?insignificant.?This?is?especially?true?
of?American?English.?
英语从synthetic?language?发展到present?analytical?language?是在英语的哪
一个阶段完成的？
答案：Modern?English?period?
文艺复兴时期，恰逢英语发展的哪个阶段?
答案：Early?Modern?English?period?
在英语发展过程?在哪个阶段出现三语鼎立的现象？
French,?Latin,?English?in?Middle?English?period?
easel,?port,?freight,?出现于英语发展的哪个阶段，属于哪一种外来词的引入？
答案：Middle?English?,?Dutch?
在英语发展的某一个阶段，有一种语言进入英语，它一共带来了2500?个词汇，这
种语言是什么？
答案：Dutch?(前年考题)
据现代语言学家的统计， |
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