2)This?is?fairly?true?of?English?in?its?earliest?stage?i.e.?Old?English?
3)With?the?development?of?the?language,?more?and?more?differences?
occur?between?the?two.?
What?are?the?great?changes?that?causes?illogical?relationship?or?
irregularity?between?sound?and?form?
1)?The?internal?reason?for?this?is?that?the?English?alphabet?was?
adopted?from?the?Romans,?which?does?not?have?a?separate?letter?to?
represent?each?sound?in?the?language?so?that?some?letters?must?do?
double?duty?or?work?together?in?combination.
2)?Another?reason?is?that?the?pronunciation?has?changed?more?rapidly?
than?spelling?over?the?years,?and?in?some?cases?the?two?have?drawn?far?
apart.?
3)?A?third?reason?is?that?some?of?the?differences?were?created?by?the?
early?scribes.
4)?Finally?comes?the?borrowing,?which?is?an?important?channel?of?
enriching?the?English?vocabulary.
要记住以上四句话中的关键词：?
1)?influenced?by?Romans?
2)?Pronunciation?changed?
3)?early?scribes
4)?borrowing?
你能不能举出外来语对英语发音,拼写造成不一致的例子有哪些？
e.g.?stimulus?(L)?,fiesta?(Sp)?,eureka?(Gr),?kimono?(Jap)
外来语对英语造成的最大的影响就是‘sound?and?form?’不一致。
What?is?vocabulary?
Vocabulary?refers?to?the?total?number?of?the?words?in?a?language,?but?
it?can?stand?for?all?the?words?used?in?a?particular?historical?period.
Vocabulary?also?refers?to?all?the?words?of?a?given?dialect,?given?book,?
a?given?discipline?and?the?words?possessed?by?an?individual?person.?
Classification?of?Words?(本课的一个重点,?年年考试都考)
What?is?the?classification?of?words??How?to?classify?words?in?
linguistics?
Three?criteria?:?
1)?By?use?of?frequency
2)?By?notion?
3)?By?origin?
By?use?of?frequency?可划分为：
1)?The?basic?word?stock
2)?Nonbasic?word?vocabulary
By?notion?可划分为：
1)?Content?word
2)?Functional?word?
Content?words?are?also?known?as?notional?words?.?(Content?words?的别称)
Functional?words?are?also?known?as?empty?words,?or?form?words.?(?
Functional?words?的别称)
Functional?words?possesses?a?characteristic?of?basic?word?stock,?i.e.?
stability
According?to?Stuart?Robertson?,et?al?(1957),*?(年年考试必考)?the?nine?
functional?words?,?namely?,and?,?be?,?have?,?it?,?of?,?the?,?to?,?will?
,you
What?are?the?characteristics?of?basic?word?stock?
1)?All?national?character?
2)?Stability?
3)?Productivity?
4)?Polysemy?
5)?Collocability?
要把握住‘All?national?character’的词,就是和我们日常生活息息相关的，最普通的词
稳定性是基本词的一个很大特点，请你举例说明？
e.g.?man,?woman?,?fire,?water?…
e.g.?machine,?video,?telephone?…
e.g.?bow,?chariot?,?knight?
Stability?is?relative,?not?absolute.
根据词的use?frequency?划分出的基本词之外，还有一类词叫作None?basic?
vocabulary,?非基本词有几大特点？或者是几大分类？
1)?Terminology?
e.g.?sonata,?algebra?
2)?Jargon?
e.g.?Bottom?line?(?Jargon?)?
3)?Slang?
e.g.?smoky,?bear?(?Slang?)?
4)?Argot?
e.g.?persuader?
5)?Dialectal?words?
e.g. |
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