1. T

　　2. T

　　3. F

　　4. F

　　5. T

　　6. T

　　7. F

　　8. T

　　9. T

　　10. T

　　II.

　　1. a minimal free from of a language； a sound unity； a unit of meaning； a form that can function alone in a sentence

　　2. logical

　　3. word - formation； affixation； compounding； conversion

　　4. word - forming； derivational affixes； prefixation； suffixation

　　5. monosemic； polysemy

　　6. diachronic approach； synchronic approach

　　7. radiation； concatenation

　　8. sound； spelling； meaning

　　III.

　　1. steed

　　2. gee - gee

　　3. ripe

　　4. mature

　　5. effective

　　6. efficient

　　7. fatigued， children

　　8. tired， kids

　　9. declined

　　10. refused

　　11. rancid

　　12. addled

　　13. Penalties

　　14. fines

　　15. rebuked

　　16. accused

　　IV.

　　1. Word： The definition of a word comprises the following points： （1） a minimal free form of a language； （2） a sound unity； （3） a unit of meaning； （4） a form that can function alone in a sentence. Therefore， a word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.

　　2. Reference： Reference is the relationship between language and the world. By means of reference， a speaker indicates which things in the world are being talked about In other words， only when a connection has been established between the linguistic sign and a referent does the sign become meaningful. The reference of a word to a thing outside the language is arbitrary and conventional. Although reference is a kind of abstraction， yet with the help of context， it can refer to something specific.

　　3. Semantic field： The massive word store of a language like English can be conceived of as composed around a number of meaning areas， some large， others smaller. Viewing the total meaning n this way is the basis of field theory. According to Trier's vision of fields， the whole vocabulary can be divided up into fields. Words in each field are semantically related and define one another. It is a general brief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself， but it rather spreads over the semantic field and help pin down the meaning. The vocabulary of a language is in constant change： old items drop out， new items come in， and as the new replace the old， so the internal relations of the whole set alter. Another point worth noting is that the semantic field of the same concept may not have the same members in different languages.

　　4. Monolingual and bilingual dictionaries： Monolingual dictionaries are written in one language. That is the headword or entries are defined and illustrated in the same language. The monolingual dictionary is rather a late development because the earliest dictionaries were all bilingual. Bilingual dictionaries involve two languages. The main entries are generally defined or explained in the same language with translations； Another kind of bilingual dictionary is in which the Chinese words and expressions are translated into English.