被修饰的对象。分词结构、不定式结构和介词短语做修饰语修饰句子时,易发生垂悬修饰现象。
(2) 修正时,可调整句子的主语,使之与上述结构或短语的逻辑主语一致;也可将分词结构、不定式结构或介词短语带上自己的逻辑主语,将其扩展成从句。
(3) 原句中做修饰语的分词结构watching the parade的逻辑主语与句子主语my wallet不一致,所以可将句子主语调整为I,或将句子主语保持不变,使watching the parade带上自己的逻辑主语I.
●考生典型答题错误分析:
(错误)While watching the parade, my wallet was stolen.
(分析)分词结构watching the parade前加上连词while或when,不能改变其垂悬修饰语(dangling modifier)的性质,因为其逻辑主语I未变,而与从句的主语my wallet仍然不一致。
(错误)Watching the parade, I lost my wallet.
(分析)修正病句不应该改变原句的意思。钱包丢失的原因可能是被盗,但也可能是别的原因,例如由于粗心遗忘在某地等。另外,从这一修改中,可看出相当一部分考生对have sth. done结构不太熟悉。
四, 考核知识点:考查对错误平行结构(faulty parallelism)的识别和修正。
●试题:
14. If a publisher rejects a novel, it is either because the story is unsaleable or the author is unknown.
15. Our new car not only is more user-friendly, but also it is more comfortable than our old one.
●答案:
14. If a publisher rejects a novel, it is either because the story is unsaleable or because the author is unknown.
15. Our new car is not only more user-friendly but also more comfortable than our old one.
●解题关键:
(1) 了解错误平行结构(faulty parallelism)产生的原因:平行结构(parallelism)是把两个或两个以上意思并列的成分用同等语法形式表达,如果意思上并列的成分用不同等的语法形式来表达,就破坏了其平行结构。
(2) either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, both…and等关联并列连接词(correlative conjunction)用于连接意思并列的成分,所以每个连词后所跟的成分必须有相同的语法形式。
(3) 14题原句中连词either后是because引导的原因状语从句,or后也应补上because.
15题病句最简便的修正方法,是将两个形容词比较级作为平行成分,用not only…but also连接。
●考生典型答题错误分析:
(错误)If a publisher rejects a novel, either the story is unsaleable or the author is unknown.
(分析)从全句来看,这是一个逻辑关系模糊,句法不当的病句。不过应当肯定的是,平行的结构可以是单词、词组,也可以是从句甚至句子。
(错误)Not only our new car is more user-friendly but also it is more comfortable than our old one.
(分析)not only…but also可以连接两个平行结构的句子,但not only后的句子必须倒装,如:Not only is our new car more user-friendly, but also it is more comfortable than our old one.
另外,not only…but also连接两个主语、谓语相同的句子时显得啰嗦和没有必要,故常用来连接两个主语、谓语不同的句子,如:Not only is he himself interested in the subject, but also all his students have begun to show an interest in it. 前两讲,我们讨论了“句子的组成”部分考核知识点与解题思路,下面我们将研究“段落的写作”方面的内容。
第三大题 标出主题句(本大题共3小题,每小题5分,共15分)
一, 考核知识 |
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