.
2. Love and marriage.
The characterization of Elizabeth
She is witty， intelligent.
She is tall， slim and graceful， though not as beautiful as Jane.
She is fearless， frank.
She is independent and has good judgment.
She is considerate for others.
Chapter 4 The Victorian Period （1836-1901）
Historical background
After the Reform Bill of 1832 passed the political power from the decaying aristocrats into the hands of the middle-class industrial capitalists， the Industrial Revolution soon geared up.
The bourgeois took the power which aroused the conflict between labor and capital.
Therefore the Chartist Movement， also known as Chartism （1836-1848） erupted. There were 3 petitions.
Before the 3 petitions， 2 laws enforced the hardship of labor， hardened the life of the laboring people. The Poor Law and The Corn Law 谷物法
1834 The Poor Law 平民法 with its the workhouse system 工场制度法 hardened the life of labor who worked from day to night， couldn't get enough food， couldn't support their family. The workhouse system classified labor to man worker， woman worker and children worker. The implementation of the workhouse system resulted in a lot of death.
The worsening living and working conditions， the mass unemployment and the new Poor Law with its workhouse system finally gave rise to the Chartist Movement. The 3 petitions were：
1839 Over 1 million people made their signatures to protest， but rejected by the Parliament who sent troops to quell. The petition ended as a failure.
1842 Over 3 million people made their signatures to protest， but rejected by the Parliament. Workers went on strikes. The government sent troops to quell and tried to drive them back to work， which caused death and injury.
1848 Over 5 million people made their signatures to protest， but rejected by the Parliament. After this petition， the Chartism declined. The movement made factory owners to make improvement in working conditions so the movement is not a total failure.
Since the Industrial Revolution， England had begun to accumulate its wealth. England was the "workshop of the world". What England produced was sold to the world. In the middle of the 17c. England reached the summit （heyday） of empire. It was highly developed. It had many colonies.
From 1850s-1870s， it was the most prosperous， stable， peaceful period of U.K. There was no significant event. The conflict between labor and capital was mild.
Economic Crisis
1875 A decline in Britain's economy caused social disturbance.
1880
1884
1887 "Bloody Sunday" On the Trafalgar Square， troops were sent to stop worker's strike resulted in many death.
Philosophy and Ideology of the Victorian Period.
（1） Utilitarianism
Definition = note+ [P235]
The theory was put forward by Jeremy Beathan and elaborated by John Stewart Mill. The word "utilitarianism" was adopte |
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