38 ． When we talk about international affairs, “___________” may be used as the euphemism for a “military action” ．

39 ． It has been claimed that the linear development of English texts is caused by the ________ thinking style preferred by English speakers ．

40 ． The connective “further” in “My client says he does   not know this witness ． Further, he   denies even having seen her or spoken to her ． ” indicates a(n)           relation between sentences ．

41 ． Language is vocal, which means that speech is the           of language ．

42 ． Of the five categories of gestures       are perhaps the most important one because they are intentional behaviours with widely agreed meanings in a society ．

Ⅳ． Answer the following questions briefly ． (12%)

43 ． What is the major contrast between English and Chinese letters of request?

44 ． What is the British equivalent for the American word “schedule”?

45 ． What does the expression “a white elephant” mean?

46 ． What is a future-oriented society?

47 ． Which aspect of English culture does the proverb “an Englishman’s house is his castle” reflect?

48 ． Why are branching sentence patterns preferred in English?

Ⅴ． Translation ． (16%)

49 ． Would you like some more of this fish?

50 ． Wine ended him ．

51 ． Besides football, the most popular games in the United States are baseball and basketball ．

52 ． Old-fashioned notions have no place in today’s society ．

53 ． The theory of relativity gave birth to an enormous number of ideas in physics ．

54 ．敬请光临。

55 ．“长者”当然要比“老人”好听，“资深公民”又比“长者”好听。

56 ．他抓住我的胳膊。

Ⅵ． Define the following terms ． (10%)

57 ． a white lie

58 ． standard appellatives

59 ． deductive argumentation

60 ． nonverbal communication

61 ． intercultural communication

Ⅶ． Discuss the following topics ． (20%)

62 ． How would you define the terms “simile” and “metaphor”? And what are the differences between them?

63 ． A word can represent several types of meaning simultaneously