Ⅲ .Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for each)

Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.

45.In Chapter 15 of Wuthering Heights, Heath cliff said to Catherine: “Why did you betray your own, Cathy?... You loved me － then what right have you to leave me?... I have not broken your heart － you have broken it － and in breaking it, you have broken mine.”

    Taking the whole novel into consideration, do you think Heathcliff’s above accusation of Catherine’s betrayal can be justified? If you think so, what reasons does Catherine have to betray Heathcliff and their love?

46.John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress is generally regarded as a religious allegory. What does the work symbolically concern? What is the predominant metaphor that is carried on through the whole work? And what is the author’s purpose in writing such a book?

47. The following passage is taken from The Merchant of Venice. Read it carefully and find the dramatic it contains. Use it as an example to illustrate what dramatic irony is.

“Bassanio: Antonio, I am married to a wife

                 Which is as dear to me as life itself;

                       But life itself, my wife, and all world,

                       Are not with me esteem’d above thy life;

                       I would lose all, ay, sacrifice them all

                       Here to this devil, to deliver you.

   Portia:    Your wife would give you little thanks for that,

                      If she were by to hear you make the offer.”

48. What is the most famous theme in Henry James ′ s fiction? And what is his favourite approach in characterization, which makes him different from Mark and W. D. Howells as realists? Give two titles of his works in which this theme and this approach are employed.