Ⅱ .Filling Blanks: (20% )

     Directions: In this section there are 15 statements with 20 blanks. You are to fill each blank with ONE appropriate word. One point is given to each blank.

16. When discussing the rule of language, traditional linguists tended to take a _______ approach.

17. In the fifth century B.C., the ancient Greeks began to make a serious study of language in the realm of _______.

18. Leonard Bloomfield’s book Language was once considered the _______ of linguistics.

19. The most important factor that made cognitive psychology dominant in the world is the development of the _______ technology.

20. Chomsky made the _______ between linguistic competence and linguistic performance.

21. According to some functional linguist, some utterance has no meaning at all if it is out of the context of _______.

22. Stephen Krashen holds that acquisition and learning have different _______ in the communication activities.

23. The relationship between the grammatical forms and their functions is not a _______ correspondence.

24. A single form can express a number of _______ and a single communicative function can be expressed by a number of _______.

25. In Hymes’s views, “communicative competence” refers to the ability not only to apply grammatical rules of a language in order to form _______ correct sentences but also to know when and where to use these sentences and to _______.

26. Reinforcement which increases the likelihood of a response is known as _______ reinforcement.

27. The learning theory of Audiolingualism is the _______ psychology which is an empirically based approach to the study of human behaviour.

28. The basic theoretical principles of the Audiolingual Method reflect the influence of _______ linguistics and _______ psychology in language teaching.

29. According to the Oral Approach, it is an obvious requirement of any course that should proceed from _______ to difficult without _______ breaks.

30. Hornby, Gatenby and Wakefield analyzed the English language and classified its major _______ into sentence _______ which could be used to have oral practice.

Ⅲ . Matching: (15%)

     Directions: This section consists of three groups of pairs listed in two columns, A and B. You are to match the one marked ① , ② , ③ , ④ , or ⑤ in Column A with the one marked a, b, c, d, or e in Column B. One point is given to each pair you match.

31.

A: period of development                        B: one feature of each period

① the 1890s                                             a. uncertainty, meaning de-emphasized

② 1910-1940                                            b. attempts to establish foreign language as a school

subject

③ the 1950s                                                  c. more emphasis on meaning

④ the 1960s                                                  d. attempts to solve language teaching problems by

research methods

⑤ the 1970s                                                  e. attempts to abandon the teacher-centred model

32.

A: the main feature of the Audiolingual Method   B: the advantage or disadvantage

associated with the feature

① emphasis on the teaching of listening and             a. The use of language labs will allow each

speaking before reading and writing                               student to work at his own pace.

② emphasis on certain practice techniques:                b. The technique of mim-mem and pattern

mimicry, memorization and pattern drills                drills gives students more thorough

practice in using grammar patterns.

③ much use of tapes, language labs, and visual               c. Students often fail to fully understand

aids                                                                    the value of language.

④ tendency to manipulate language and disregard     d. Students are not expected to make any

content                                                               spontaneous, personal contribution.

⑤ little or no grammatical explanation                      e. It achieves noticeable success in developing

aural comprehension and oral fluency.

33.

A: the year          B: the event

① 1882                 a. the founding of the School of Applied Linguistics at Edinburgh University

② 1904                 b. the start of the teaching of English as a second/foreign language as a

profession in Britain

③ 1908                 c. the start of the reform movement

④ 1957               d. the publication of Jespersen’s book How to Teach a Foreign Language

⑤ 1964               e. the founding of the International Association of Applied Linguisitics

Ⅳ . Questions for Brief Answers: (30%)

     Directions: This section has six questions. You are to briefly answer them. Five points are given to each question.

34. What are the main features of the Communicative Approach?

35. What are the characteristics of Junior English for China and Senior English for China?

36. Why is the first language forbidden in the Direct Method classrooms?

37. What are the three crucial elements for learning to happen according to behaviourist psychology?

38. What are the limitations of the Cognitive Approach?

39. What was traditional linguists’ attitude towards the written and spoken form of language?

V. Questions for Long Answers: (20%)

     Directions: The two questions in this section are to be answered on the basis of your own teaching experience as well as the theoretical knowledge you’ve learned. Ten points are given to each question.

40. What are the main features of the Cognitive Approach? And in what aspects is the Cognitive Approach different from the Audiolingual Method?

41. On the basis of your teaching or learning experience can you discuss with us the advantages and disadvantages of the Grammar-Translation Method?