Passage 1

　　“ Sweat ” : In this sense, South Korea is treading a path not taken by Japan. While Japanese interests span the globe, few foreign firms have successfully penetrated Japan ’ s home turf. Korea, too, has a legacy of xenophobia; and the Koreans are clearly wary of opening their markets to high-powered western competitors. But they are tentatively doing just that, so far with a momentum unmatched by Japan. The aim is to defuse the protectionist pressures that have hobbled U. S. -Japanese trade relations and, in time, to enter the ranks of the world ’ s developed nations. That ’ s no small order, but the Koreans think it can be filled fairly simply. At bottom, says Nam Duc Woo, chairman of the Korea Traders Association, South Korea needs only “ some degree of sweet and some degree of technological sophistication ” And that ’ s precisely what has already lifted Korea, Inc. into contention.

36. What is compared to an order in the given context?(2 分 )

37. 1)What does the writer mean by the word “ sweat ” ?(2 分 )

2)What does “ technological sophistication ” refer to? (2 分 )

38. Can you explain “… lifted Korea, Inc. into contention ” ?(3 分 )

Passage 2

　　 Nations with serious debt problems, such as Mexico, Brazil and Argentina, have been compelled to devote almost all their export earnings to debt service, leaving themselves with virtually no surplus to pay for imports. With barter, however, debtor nations can continue to import goods while, in effect, concealing export earnings from creditors.

　　 But counter-trade is not the exclusive province of debtor nations. Says Yoffie, “ Even countries with strong foreign exchange positions, such as Australia, Canada and Indonesia, are insisting on counter-trade in certain areas. Linking imports and exports is a way to exert power over multinational corporations. Countries that lack expertise in international marketing try to use counter-trade as leverage to tap the networks of global firms. ”

39. What is “ debt service ” ?(1 分 )

40. 1)What does “ global firms ” refer to?(2 分 )

2)What does the network of a so-called “ global firms ” usually consist of?(5 分 )

41. What ’ s meant by “ tap the networks of global firms ” ?(1 分 )

五、 Read the following two passages and decide whether the statements are true or false. Mark T for true and F for false in the brackets given. （每小题 1 分，共 10 分）

Passage 1

　　 Many countries are envious of Silicon Valley, the world center of the computer, software, and Internet industries. Silicon Valley started in the 1950s with a modest plan by Federick Terman, a far-sighted dean of Stanford