Output for the developing countries advanced by 1.9 percent during 1991 — comparable to the weak performance they registered in 1990.In terms of per capita income, real output in developing countries apparently eased somewhat by 0.1 percent. A number of factors — some broadbased, others more specific — contributed to the weakness of performance.

    Because slowdown in industrial country growth dampened demand for exports of both primary commodities and manufacturers from developing countries, the volume of merchandise exports of developing countries declined by 2 per cent.

36.What does ″ output ″ refer to in the first sentence and what does ″ ease ″ mean in ″ real output in developing countries apparently eased …″ ?

37.How do you understand ″ broad-based(factors) ″ and ″ more specific(factors) ″ ?

38.What is ″ merchandise exports ″ ?What is the other kind of trade?

Passage 2

    What the statistics do not reveal is how much is unofficially re-exported from the country. This is acknowledged by Dubai’s customs department. ″ The re-exported figures are indicative of markets rather than volumns ″ ,a spokesman says. ″ If you add up the import figures and work out that 85 percent of it is supposed to stay in the country then the UAE would be the best stocked warehouse in the world. ″

39.Do the UAE’s statistics on trade show the volumn of all its re-exports?

40.What is meant by ″ The re-exported figures are indicative of markets rather than volumns ″ ?

41.What does ″ stay ″ in the sentence ″… 85 percent of it is supposed to stay in the country …″ mean and imply?

Ⅴ .Read the following two passages and decide whether the statements are true or false. Mark T for true and F for false in the brackets given:(15%)

Passage 1

    The Japanese economy remains in trouble, with output falling two quarters in a row for the first time in decades. An appreciation of more than 15 percent in real terms in the yen over the past two years has hurt Japanese competitiveness, Dornbush notes. The fiscal package to stimulate the economy, to be implemented next April, ″ will help some but not much ″ .

    At best, Dornbush predicts, the Japanese economy will grow a real 1 percent next year. ″ Japan is in a situation which business is singularly ill-equipped to handle. The entire belief system of decades — superiority of the Japanese culture and business system, sustained growth, social cohesion, lifetime employment, accommodating finance, the US can be managed