询价和报盘:
1.description of an article/name of commodity
意思是商品名称。在商业书信中,我们常常可以看到许多表示商品或货物的词汇,如:commodity, goods, article, merchandise, cargo, material, item, product, supply, order 等。
下面简单介绍一下这些词汇的用
法:
commodity是比较正式的用语,通常指较大范围的商品,尤其指一个国家的主要商品。Commodity是可数名词。
goods不是指一件商品,而是统指货物。Goods永远是复数形式,不能与数词连用。
Merchandise 也是泛指商品,不特指某一商品,但没有复数形式,前面也不可加不定冠词。
article 作商品解时,常常指一种商品,而不是指一类商品,同一种商品而有不同规格,商品编货号,常用此词,如在课文中。
Cargo = goods carried in a ship.即船上所载的货物。如:The steamer sailed with full cargo.该轮满载起航。 注意这里不能用goods 代替cargo.说与装运有关的货物时也可以用cargo, 但不如goods普通。如:We expect to ship the goods (可用cargo) in a few days. 如果不是在船上的货物,又跟装运没有关系的货物,不能用cargo, 如:As soon as the goods (不能用cargo) are available, we will call you.
material 一般指作原料用的商品。
item 名词item本义是“项目”,但在商业函件中常用来代表前面提到的货物,如:We note your are interested in walnut meat but regret to advise that this item is not available at present. 尤其在介绍目录中的商品项目时常用此词,如:You can buy these items through the catalogue. 你能从目录中买到这些项目。product 指产品。supply 和order的用法,在第二课精讲中讲过。
2.支付
terms of payment 支付条件。
外贸中常用的支付方式有3种:
(1) Remittance: Mail Transfer (M/T), Telegraphic Transfer (T/T),Demand Draft (D/D)
(2) Documentary Collection: a. Documents against payment (D/P): Documents against payment at sight (D/P sight), Documents against payment after sight (D/P after sight) b. Documents against acceptance (D/A)
(3) L/C: 信用证是可数普通名词,单数为(a)letter of credit, 复数为 letters of credit; 但在商业书信中常作大写,单数为(a)Letter of Credit, 复数为 Letters of Credit;且常用大写缩写,单数为(an)L/C,复数为Ls/C.此外,商业书信有时也用credit一个词表示信用证,复数为credits. 开立信用证,最普通的是open an L/C,比较正式的说法是establish an L/C,从银行的角度可以说issue an L/C.改证是 amend an L/C.展证是extend an L/C.
关于信用证的常用词组:
即期信用证:letter of credit available by draft at sight, letter of credit payable against draft at sight, letter of credit available by sight draft, letter of credit payable against sight draft, sight L/C (在商业书信中常用);
远期信用证: usance L/C, time L/C, term L/C. 注意: 见票后多少天支付的说法很多, 常见的有: L/C available by draft at 30 days after sight 见票后30天付款; usance L/C at 30 da